Chapter 5 Textbook Objectives
1.) Identify and illustrate the two subdivisions of the skeleton.
2.) Detail the three main functions of the skeletal system.
The three main functions of the skeletal system include support, protection, and movement. The skeletal system provides support by forming the internal framework that supports the body and cradles its organs. An example of this is the leg bones, which act as pillars to support the body trunk, when standing and the rib cage, which supports the thoracic wall. The system protects by surrounding the soft body organs. For example the skull protects the brain, the vertebrae surround the spinal cord, and the rib cage protects the organs of the thorax. The skeletal system provides movement with the skeletal muscles attached to the bones by tendons. The bones are used a levers to move the body and its parts. Other important functions of the skeletal system include storage and blood cell formation. The skeletal system stores fat in the internal cavities of the bones. The bone also serves as a storehouse for minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus. Blood cell formation within the skeletal system occurs in the form of hematopoieses, which happens within the marrow cavities of certain bones.
The three main functions of the skeletal system include support, protection, and movement. The skeletal system provides support by forming the internal framework that supports the body and cradles its organs. An example of this is the leg bones, which act as pillars to support the body trunk, when standing and the rib cage, which supports the thoracic wall. The system protects by surrounding the soft body organs. For example the skull protects the brain, the vertebrae surround the spinal cord, and the rib cage protects the organs of the thorax. The skeletal system provides movement with the skeletal muscles attached to the bones by tendons. The bones are used a levers to move the body and its parts. Other important functions of the skeletal system include storage and blood cell formation. The skeletal system stores fat in the internal cavities of the bones. The bone also serves as a storehouse for minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus. Blood cell formation within the skeletal system occurs in the form of hematopoieses, which happens within the marrow cavities of certain bones.
3.) Name, describe, and illustrate the main types of bones.
There are six main types of bones. This includes long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
Long Bones-Long Bones are typically longer than they are wide, and have a shaft with heads at each end. They are composed mostly of compact bone Examples of the long bone includes the femur and the humerous.
Short Bones- Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Examples of short bones include the carpals and the tarsals.
Flat Bones- Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved. Two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone. Examples of the flat bone are the skull, ribs, and sternum. Flat bones function to provide mechanical protection to soft tissues beneath or enclosed by the flat bone. They also have extensive surfaces for muscle attachment.
Irregular Bones- Irregular bones are adnormally shaped and do not fit into any other bone classification categories. Examples of irregular bones are the vertebrae and the hip bone. Ireegular bones function to provide for major mechanical support for the body and to protect the spinal cord.
Sesamoid Bones- Sesamoid bones are any of several small round bones formed in the tendon where it passes over the joint. They are primarily made of spongy bone and function as "pulleys" for the tendons. Examples of the sesamoid bones include the patella, and areas in the foot and hands
There are six main types of bones. This includes long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
Long Bones-Long Bones are typically longer than they are wide, and have a shaft with heads at each end. They are composed mostly of compact bone Examples of the long bone includes the femur and the humerous.
Short Bones- Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Examples of short bones include the carpals and the tarsals.
Flat Bones- Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved. Two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone. Examples of the flat bone are the skull, ribs, and sternum. Flat bones function to provide mechanical protection to soft tissues beneath or enclosed by the flat bone. They also have extensive surfaces for muscle attachment.
Irregular Bones- Irregular bones are adnormally shaped and do not fit into any other bone classification categories. Examples of irregular bones are the vertebrae and the hip bone. Ireegular bones function to provide for major mechanical support for the body and to protect the spinal cord.
Sesamoid Bones- Sesamoid bones are any of several small round bones formed in the tendon where it passes over the joint. They are primarily made of spongy bone and function as "pulleys" for the tendons. Examples of the sesamoid bones include the patella, and areas in the foot and hands