Chapter 4: Textbook Objectives
List the general functions of each membrane type, and give its
location in the body
Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane
types
·
Cutaneous-
Skin
outer covering
o
Dry
membrane, outermost protective boundary
o
Superficial
epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (layered
squashed like cells)
o
Underlying
layer is dense connective tissue
·
Mucous-
o
Surface
epithelium depending on site
o
Stratified
squamous epithelium (mouth, esophagus)
o
Simple
column epithelium (digestive tract)
o
Underlying
layer is loose connective tissue(lamina
propia)
o
*Lines
all body cavities that are opento exterior body
surfaces*
·
Serous-
o
Surface
is a layer of squamous epithelium
o
Underlying
layer is thin layer of areolar connective
tissue
o
*Lines
all body cavities that are closedto the exterior body
surfaces*
o
In
pairs that are separated by serous fluid
·
Visceral
layer covers the outside of the organ
·
Parietal
layer lines a portion of the wall of the ventral body
cavity
·
Specific
serous membranes:
o
Peritoneum
(abdominal cavity)
o
Pleura
(lungs)
o
Pericardium
(around the heart)
·
Synovial
(Connective Tissue Membrane)
o
Connective
tissue only
o
Lines
fibrous capsules surrounding joints
o
Secrets
a lubricating fluid
Functions of the Integumentary System
Functions:
Protects deeper tissues from
1.
Mechanical
damage- physical barrier contains keratin, which toughens cells; fat cells to
cushion blows; and pressure receptors , which alert the nervous system to
possible damage
2.
Chemical
damage (acids and bases) – has relatively impermeable keratinized cells;
contains pain receptors, which alert the nervous system to possible
damage.
3.
Bacterial
damage- has an unbroken surface and “acid mantle” (skin secretions are acidic
and thus inhibit bacteria). Phagocytes ingest foreign substances and pathogens,
preventing them from penetrating into deeper body
tissues.
4.
Ultraviolet
radiation(damaging effects of sunlight)- melanin produced by melanocyctes
offers protection from UV damages
5.
Thermal
(heat or cold) damage- contains heat/cold/pain
receptors
6.
Desiccation
(drying out) - contains a waterproofing glycolipid and
keratin
Aids in body heat loss or heat retention (controlled by the
nervous system)- Heat loss: by activating sweat glands and by allowing blood to
flush into skin capillary beds so that heat can radiate from the skin surface.
Heat retention: by not allowing blood to flush into skin capillary
beds.
Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid- contained in
perspiration produced by sweat glands
Synthesizes Vitamin D- modified cholesterol molecules in skin
converted to Vitamin D by sunlight.
List the general functions of each membrane type, and give its
location in the body
Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane
types
·
Cutaneous-
Skin
outer covering
o
Dry
membrane, outermost protective boundary
o
Superficial
epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (layered
squashed like cells)
o
Underlying
layer is dense connective tissue
·
Mucous-
o
Surface
epithelium depending on site
o
Stratified
squamous epithelium (mouth, esophagus)
o
Simple
column epithelium (digestive tract)
o
Underlying
layer is loose connective tissue(lamina
propia)
o
*Lines
all body cavities that are opento exterior body
surfaces*
·
Serous-
o
Surface
is a layer of squamous epithelium
o
Underlying
layer is thin layer of areolar connective
tissue
o
*Lines
all body cavities that are closedto the exterior body
surfaces*
o
In
pairs that are separated by serous fluid
·
Visceral
layer covers the outside of the organ
·
Parietal
layer lines a portion of the wall of the ventral body
cavity
·
Specific
serous membranes:
o
Peritoneum
(abdominal cavity)
o
Pleura
(lungs)
o
Pericardium
(around the heart)
·
Synovial
(Connective Tissue Membrane)
o
Connective
tissue only
o
Lines
fibrous capsules surrounding joints
o
Secrets
a lubricating fluid
Functions of the Integumentary System
Functions:
Protects deeper tissues from
1.
Mechanical
damage- physical barrier contains keratin, which toughens cells; fat cells to
cushion blows; and pressure receptors , which alert the nervous system to
possible damage
2.
Chemical
damage (acids and bases) – has relatively impermeable keratinized cells;
contains pain receptors, which alert the nervous system to possible
damage.
3.
Bacterial
damage- has an unbroken surface and “acid mantle” (skin secretions are acidic
and thus inhibit bacteria). Phagocytes ingest foreign substances and pathogens,
preventing them from penetrating into deeper body
tissues.
4.
Ultraviolet
radiation(damaging effects of sunlight)- melanin produced by melanocyctes
offers protection from UV damages
5.
Thermal
(heat or cold) damage- contains heat/cold/pain
receptors
6.
Desiccation
(drying out) - contains a waterproofing glycolipid and
keratin
Aids in body heat loss or heat retention (controlled by the
nervous system)- Heat loss: by activating sweat glands and by allowing blood to
flush into skin capillary beds so that heat can radiate from the skin surface.
Heat retention: by not allowing blood to flush into skin capillary
beds.
Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid- contained in
perspiration produced by sweat glands
Synthesizes Vitamin D- modified cholesterol molecules in skin
converted to Vitamin D by sunlight.