Lauren's Textbook Objectives
7. Name and illustrate the parts of a typical vertebra and give a general description and illustration of how each differs
Cervical Vertebrae- Smallest, lightest with short spinous processes that are divided into 2 branches .The transverse processes have tiny openings that allow vertebral arteries pass
towards the brain above.
· First 2 vertebrae (C1 and C2) are different.
o C1 is called atlas because the brain sits above and the head
rotates
o C2 is called the axis because it is where C1 sits
Thoracic Vertebrae- Larger than cervical vertebrae and located in the rib region. The body is heart shaped and has 2 costal facets, and the spinous process is long and hooks downward
Lumbar Vertebrae- Massive,block-like bodies with short
hatchet-like spinous processes
Cervical Vertebrae- Smallest, lightest with short spinous processes that are divided into 2 branches .The transverse processes have tiny openings that allow vertebral arteries pass
towards the brain above.
· First 2 vertebrae (C1 and C2) are different.
o C1 is called atlas because the brain sits above and the head
rotates
o C2 is called the axis because it is where C1 sits
Thoracic Vertebrae- Larger than cervical vertebrae and located in the rib region. The body is heart shaped and has 2 costal facets, and the spinous process is long and hooks downward
Lumbar Vertebrae- Massive,block-like bodies with short
hatchet-like spinous processes
8. Discuss and illustrate the importance of intervertebral discs and spinal curvature
Intervertebral discs are flexible fibrocartilage pads that
separate vertebrae. They cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks, all the while allowing the spine to have some flexibility. Spine Curvature works alongside of the discs in providing
protection from shock to the head when we move around. There are 2 main types of curvatures, primary and secondary. Primary curvatures are present in the thoracic and sacral region, and we present when we were born. The curvatures in the cervical and lumbar regions are secondary because they develop some time after birth.
Intervertebral discs are flexible fibrocartilage pads that
separate vertebrae. They cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks, all the while allowing the spine to have some flexibility. Spine Curvature works alongside of the discs in providing
protection from shock to the head when we move around. There are 2 main types of curvatures, primary and secondary. Primary curvatures are present in the thoracic and sacral region, and we present when we were born. The curvatures in the cervical and lumbar regions are secondary because they develop some time after birth.
9. Name and illustrate 3 major categories of joints and compare the amount of movement allowed by each
Fibrous Joints- They are united by fibrous tissue (ex. Sutures of the skull) with no movement
Cartilaginous Joints- Bone ends are connected by cartilage (ex. Pelvis, and intervertebral joints). They are slightly moveable.
Synovial Joints- Bone ends are separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid (limbs). These joints are moveable.
Fibrous Joints- They are united by fibrous tissue (ex. Sutures of the skull) with no movement
Cartilaginous Joints- Bone ends are connected by cartilage (ex. Pelvis, and intervertebral joints). They are slightly moveable.
Synovial Joints- Bone ends are separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid (limbs). These joints are moveable.