Trevor's Textbook objectives Numbers (4,5,6)
4. List, describe and illustrate the major anatomical areas of the long bone.
Diaphysis (Shaft)- the diaphysis is the main long part of the bone, and s made up of compact bone
Epiphysis- The epiphysis is the end of the long bone and is made up mostly of spongy bone
Periosteum- the outer covering of the diaphysis, that consists of a fiberous connective tissue membrane. The fibers are called Sharpey's Fibers.
Articular Cartilage- cartilage that covers the external surface of the epiphysis. It is made up of hyaline cartilage. The main purpose of the cartilage is to decrease friction on the bone.
Epiphyseal plate- flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bones
Epiphyseal line- remnant of the epiphyseal plate seen in adult bones
Medullary Cavity- cavity inside the shaft, that is made mainly of yellow bone marrow (mostly fat in adults) Contains red bone marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
Diaphysis (Shaft)- the diaphysis is the main long part of the bone, and s made up of compact bone
Epiphysis- The epiphysis is the end of the long bone and is made up mostly of spongy bone
Periosteum- the outer covering of the diaphysis, that consists of a fiberous connective tissue membrane. The fibers are called Sharpey's Fibers.
Articular Cartilage- cartilage that covers the external surface of the epiphysis. It is made up of hyaline cartilage. The main purpose of the cartilage is to decrease friction on the bone.
Epiphyseal plate- flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bones
Epiphyseal line- remnant of the epiphyseal plate seen in adult bones
Medullary Cavity- cavity inside the shaft, that is made mainly of yellow bone marrow (mostly fat in adults) Contains red bone marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
Bone Matrix
5. Explain the main role of bone salts and the organic matrix in making bone both hard and flexible.
The matrix and salts in bones allow them to be flexible and hard at the same time. This is possible because the complex matrix made by bine cells is very hard but it allows canals for calcium to get in the making the bone very hard. The bone is flexible because of the matrix like structure too. The formation isn't completely compact, so it can bend a little. k here to edit.
The matrix and salts in bones allow them to be flexible and hard at the same time. This is possible because the complex matrix made by bine cells is very hard but it allows canals for calcium to get in the making the bone very hard. The bone is flexible because of the matrix like structure too. The formation isn't completely compact, so it can bend a little. k here to edit.
Bone Growth and remodeling.
6. Describe briefly the process of bone formation in the fetus and summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.
The fetus is primarily made up of hyaline cartilage and in early childhood the cartilage begins to be replace with bone, starting in the middle of the bone. This is where the medullary cavity will be. The bone is surrounded by a bone collar and ossification (bone formation) begins in the middle of the bone. Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) soon after birth change all the cartilage into bone except for two regions, the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates. In bone remodeling and growth cartilage is replaced at the epiphyseal line and new cartilage is formed on the other side making the bone longer. Bones must also widen as they grow. Osteoblasts in the periosteum add bone tissue to the external face of the diaphysis as osteoclasts in the endosteum remove bone from the inner wall making the bone wider.
The fetus is primarily made up of hyaline cartilage and in early childhood the cartilage begins to be replace with bone, starting in the middle of the bone. This is where the medullary cavity will be. The bone is surrounded by a bone collar and ossification (bone formation) begins in the middle of the bone. Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) soon after birth change all the cartilage into bone except for two regions, the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates. In bone remodeling and growth cartilage is replaced at the epiphyseal line and new cartilage is formed on the other side making the bone longer. Bones must also widen as they grow. Osteoblasts in the periosteum add bone tissue to the external face of the diaphysis as osteoclasts in the endosteum remove bone from the inner wall making the bone wider.